Impact of sustainable logistics on business performance: A systematic literature review (2011–2024)

Abstract

Background: Companies worldwide have increasingly adopted sustainable logistics strategies to optimise environmental management, foster social well-being and generate economic benefits that enhance business performance.
Objectives: This study analyses the impact of sustainable logistics on business performance through a systematic literature review (SLR) of studies published between 2011 and 2024.
Method: An SLR was conducted in five stages: formulation of research questions, definition of search criteria, article selection based on inclusion and exclusion parameters, quality assessment using four criteria (implementation, impact, methodologies and new practices) and results analysis. The process aimed to identify trends and key findings regarding the relationship between sustainable logistics and business performance.
Results: Seventy studies published between 2011 and 2024 were reviewed. Findings indicate that sustainable logistics through practices such as responsible sourcing, green logistics and digital transformation positively influence business productivity, competitiveness and sustainability. Various methodologies and models have been applied, including optimisation, blockchain, Building Information Modelling and decision support systems.
Conclusion: Sustainable logistics enhances business performance by improving efficiency, reducing costs and promoting circular economy strategies. Its integration with new technologies has accelerated in recent years, generating economic, social and environmental benefits while strengthening organisational positioning.
Contribution: This study consolidates evidence on the positive impact of sustainable logistics on business performance and proposes a four-dimensional conceptual model (individual awareness, technological practices, organisational culture and systemic structures). It also highlights effective methodologies and identifies persistent barriers, offering insights for academic research and corporate strategy.