Blockchain in the logistics sector: A systematic literature review of benefits and constraints

Abstract

Background: Blockchain technology is recognised in logistics and supply chain research for its ability to enhance transparency and traceability, offering real-time tracking and authentication of goods. However, constraints persist in the implementation of blockchain technology (BCT) in the logistics industry.

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the benefits of BCT and the constraints hindering the logistics industry from implementing it.

Method: Data were collected through a systematic literature review. The study followed the six steps of the PRISMA framework. A total of 56 journal articles published between 2018 and 2024 were included in the study.

Results: The findings reveal seven constraints that hinder the implementation of BCT in the logistics industry. These include the following: organisational constraints; technological constraints; environmental constraints; implementation risks and costs; interoperability; supply chain fragmentation; and data issues. In addition, we highlight how the implementation of BCT could benefit the logistics industry.

Conclusion: While the logistics industry faces many constraints in blockchain implementation, this technology is a digital solution for improved communication and collaboration with suppliers in the industry.

Contribution: In addition to filling a gap in existing literature, this article serves as a valuable resource for driving BCT implementation in the logistics industry. The practical strategies presented for overcoming the identified barriers can assist stakeholders and policymakers in the adoption of BCT.